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US5253100A
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US
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Solid electrolytes for conducting polymer-based color switchable windows and electronic display services
Assignee: Rhode Island Department of Elementary and Secondary Education
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Filing: 1989-06-27
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Granted: 1993-10-12
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Expires: 2009-06-27
Abstract
Abstract Electrochromic material, i.e. polyaniline, is polymerized in situ in a polymeric electrolyte to form an electrochromic/polyelectrolyte mixture. The mixture is coated as a film on electrochromic material. A film of electrolyte is placed in ion transfer relationship with the electrochromic/polyelectrolyte film. This electrochromic/polyaniline/polyelectrolyte film greatly increases the ion transfer between the electrochromic film and the electrolytic film by imposing a region of molecularly mixed electrochromic material and electrolyte.
Inventors
- 👤 Sze Cheng Yang
- 👤 Jyun-Hwei Hwang
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-04 17:10
CPC Classifications
G; G02; G02F; G02F1/00; G02F1/01; G02F1/15; G02F1/1514; G02F1/1516; G02F1/15165; G02F2001/164
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 50
Claim 1
Independent Claim
31 words
An electrochromic composition which comprises: an electroconductive polyaniline/polyelectrolyte matrix, the matrix characterized by interstices, the polyaniline having incorporated therein the polymeric electrolyte, said electrolyte in ion transfer relationship with said polyaniline.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
31 words
An electrochromic composition which comprises: an electroconductive polyaniline/polyelectrolyte matrix, the matrix characterized by interstices, the polyaniline having incorporated therein the polymeric electrolyte, said electrolyte in ion transfer relationship with said polyaniline.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
13 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein the electrolyte is a solid polymeric electrolyte.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
32 words
The composition of claim 2 wherein the electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of poly-(vinyl sulfonic acid) and its salts, poly-(acrylic acid), poly-(styrene sulfonic acid), poly-(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane-sulfonic acid), poly-ethylene oxide, and poly-phosphazenes.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
12 words
The composition of claim 2 wherein the solid electrolyte is a polyelectrolyte.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
21 words
The composition of claim 4 wherein the polyelectrolyte is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylic acid and polystyrene sulfonic acid.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
25 words
The composition of claim 5 which includes an effective amount of a high dielectric constant solvent to enhance the movement of ions within the matrix.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
12 words
The composition of claim 2 wherein the solid electrolytes are gel electrolytes.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
22 words
The composition of claim 7 wherein the gel electrolyte are selected from the group consisting of cross-linked polyacrylic acid and polysulfonic acid.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
26 words
The composition of claim 8 which includes an effective amount of a polar solvent and a salt to enhance the movement of ions within the matrix.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
82 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein the monomeric analine is selected from the group consisting of ##STR5## wherein R 1 to R 8 =any one of the following: --H, --(CH 2 ) n CH 3 (n=o to 10, --OCH 3 , --OC 2 H 5 , --NH 2 --Cl, --F, --Br, --I, --CN, --SO 3 H, ##STR6## --NO 2 , --(CH 2 ) m --(CH)n--(CH 2 ) 1 --CH 3 (where m, n, l=0 to 5 and X=any of the above groups).
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
24 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein the molar ratio of the electrochromic material to the electrolyte in the matrix varies from 2:1 to 1:1.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
22 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein the polymeric electrolyte comprises a film free of monomeric analine which film interfaces with the matrix.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
36 words
The composition of claim 12 wherein the film comprises an inner surface which interfaces with the matrix and an outer surface and the density of the electrolyte increases from the inner surface to the outer surface.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
20 words
The composition of claim 1 which comprises a film of polyaniline free of electrolyte which film interfaces with the matrix.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
35 words
The composition of claim 14 wherein the film comprises an inner surface which interfaces with the matrix and an outer surface and the density of the polyaniline from the inner surface to the outer surface.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
27 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein the matrix is characterized by immobile anions and is hydrophilic in all color stages and is characterized by excess counter ions.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
68 words
An electrochromic device having first and second conductive electrodes in spaced apart relationship; an electrolyte in contact and ion transfer relationship with the first electrode; an electrochromic material in contact and electron transfer relationship with the second electrode, a matrix of polyaniline/polyelectrolyte interposed between and in contact and ion transfer relationship with the electrochromic material and the electrolyte respectively, the polyaniline in the matrix having polyelectrolyte incorporated therein.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
68 words
An electrochromic device having first and second conductive electrodes in spaced apart relationship; an electrolyte in contact and ion transfer relationship with the first electrode; an electrochromic material in contact and electron transfer relationship with the second electrode, a matrix of polyaniline/polyelectrolyte interposed between and in contact and ion transfer relationship with the electrochromic material and the electrolyte respectively, the polyaniline in the matrix having polyelectrolyte incorporated therein.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
25 words
The electrochromic device of claim 17 wherein the density of the electrochromic material in the polyaniline/polyelectrolyte matrix decreases from the second electrode to the polyelectrolyte.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
12 words
The device of claim 17 wherein the electrodes are tin oxide electrodes.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
48 words
The composition of claim 17 wherein the electrochromic material in contact and electron transfer with the second electrode is polyaniline and the thickness of the polyaniline is between 0.1 and 1.0 microns; 0.01 to 0.10 microns for the polyaniline/electrolyte and 10 microns to 1 millimeter for the electrolyte.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
55 words
The electrochromic device of claim 17 which comprises: means to support the electrodes; and wherein the electrochromic layer has two sublayers, a first relatively high density layer in contact with the electrode, and a second less dense layer to allow penetration of the solvent electrolyte into the channels or void space in the electrochromic material.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
13 words
The composition of claim 21 wherein the electrolyte is a solid polymeric electrolyte.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
32 words
The composition of claim 21 wherein the electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of poly-(vinyl sulfonic acid) and its salts, poly-(acrylic acid), poly-(styrene sulfonic acid), poly-(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane-sulfonic acid), poly-ethylene oxide, and poly-phosphazenes.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
12 words
The composition of claim 23 wherein the solid electrolyte is a polyelectrolyte.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
25 words
The composition of claim 24 which includes an effective amount of a high dielectric constant solvent to enhance the movement of ions within the matrix.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
21 words
The composition of claim 23 wherein the polyelectrolyte is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylic acid and polystyrene sulfonic acid.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
12 words
The composition of claim 22 wherein the solid electrolytes are gel electrolytes.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
22 words
The composition of claim 27 wherein the gel electrolytes are selected from the group consisting of cross-linked polyacrylic acid or polysulfonic acid.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
26 words
The composition of claim 28 which includes an effective amount of a polar solvent and a salt to enhance the movement of ions within the matrix.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
82 words
The composition of claim 17 wherein the monomeric analine is selected from the group consisting of ##STR7## wherein R 1 to R 8 =any one of the following: --H, --(CH 2 ) n CH 3 (n=o to 10, --OCH 3 , --OC 2 H 5 , --NH 2 --Cl, --F, --Br, --I, --CN, --SO 3 H, ##STR8## --NO 2 , --(CH 2 ) m --(CH)n--(CH 2 ) 1 --CH 3 (where m, n, l=0 to 5 and X=any of the above groups).
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
24 words
The composition of claim 17 wherein the molar ratio of the electrochromic material to the electrolyte in the matrix varies from 2:1 to 1:1.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
22 words
The composition of claim 17 wherein the polymeric electrolyte comprises a film free of monomeric analine which film interfaces with the matrix.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
36 words
The composition of claim 32 wherein the film comprises an inner surface which interfaces with the matrix and an outer surface and the density of the electrolyte increases from the inner surface to the outer surface.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
20 words
The composition of claim 17 which comprises a film of polyaniline free of electrolyte which film interface with the matrix.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
35 words
The composition of claim 34 wherein the film comprises an inner surface which interfaces with the matrix and an outer surface and the density of the polyaniline from the inner surface to the outer surface.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
24 words
The composition of claim 17 wherein the matrix is characterized by immobile anions and is hydrophilic in all color stages and excess counter ions.
Claim 39
Independent Claim
61 words
The method for the preparation of a polyaniline/polyelectrolyte matrix which includes: adding monomeric aniline to an acidic solution of a polyelectrolyte; polymerizing the monomeric aniline to form polyaniline, the polyelectrolyte functioning as a template to control the morphology of the polyaniline whereby a polyaniline fibrous matrix is formed having interstices therein, molecules of the polyelectrolyte being embedded in said polyaniline matrix.
Claim 40
Independent Claim
61 words
The method for the preparation of a polyaniline/polyelectrolyte matrix which includes: adding monomeric aniline to an acidic solution of a polyelectrolyte; polymerizing the monomeric aniline to form polyaniline, the polyelectrolyte functioning as a template to control the morphology of the polyaniline whereby a polyaniline fibrous matrix is formed having interstices therein, molecules of the polyelectrolyte being embedded in said polyaniline matrix.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
53 words
The process of claim 37 which includes: polymerizing the polyaniline in the solution of polyelectrolyte; modifying the polymer morphology of polyaniline to form a polyaniline/polyelectrolyte composition in the electrochromic layer; incorporating the polyaniline into the polymer electrolytes; and forming a denser morphology at the interface between the conductor electrode and the electrochromic layer.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
52 words
The process of claim 38 wherein the polyelectrolyte is a macromolecular electrolyte and the modification of the polyaniline includes: dissolving the aniline monomer in the solution before the polymerization; attaching the aniline monomers to the macromolecular electrolyte to form the polyelectrolyte/aniline matrix; and oxidizing the polyelectrolyte/aniline matrix to complete the morphological modification.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 37 which includes: polymerizing electrochemically the monomeric aniline.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 37 wherein the polyelectrolyte is polyacrylic acid.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 37 wherein the polyelectrolyte is a poly (sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) complex.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 37 which includes: controlling the pH of the solution to complex the monomers with the polyelectrolyte prior to polymerizing the same.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 37 which includes: coating the matrix with a solid electrolyte.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 44 which includes: forming a first dense polyaniline layer on a second electrode.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 45 which includes: coating the polyaniline on the second electrode electrochemically.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 37 which includes: coating a first electrode with the solid electrolyte.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1996-10-11 | 1997-04-12 | 1997-10-12 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2000-10-11 | 2001-04-12 | 2001-10-12 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2004-10-11 | 2005-04-12 | 2005-10-12 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |