US5326388A — Color changing compositions

Claim 1

Independent Claim 82 words

A multiple coloring composition system comprising: (a) an undercolor aqueous coloring composition comprising an undercolor dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater; and (b) an overcolor aqueous coloring composition comprising a colorant capable of maintaining its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater and an effective amount of a base sufficient to yield a pH of said overcolor aqueous coloring composition of about 10 or greater.

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 82 words

A multiple coloring composition system comprising: (a) an undercolor aqueous coloring composition comprising an undercolor dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater; and (b) an overcolor aqueous coloring composition comprising a colorant capable of maintaining its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater and an effective amount of a base sufficient to yield a pH of said overcolor aqueous coloring composition of about 10 or greater.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 33 words

The multiple coloring composition system of claim 1, said base being present in an amount sufficient to yield a pH of said overcolor aqueous coloring composition of from about 10 to about 12.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 29 words

The multiple coloring composition system of claim 2, said base added in an amount of from about 0.5% to about 8% by weight of said overcolor aqueous coloring composition.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 45 words

The multiple coloring composition system of claim 1, wherein said undercolor dye of said undercolor coloring composition is selected from the group consisting of polymethine dyes, triphenylmethane dyes, and azo dyes which are unstable in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 43 words

The multiple coloring composition system of claim 4, wherein said undercolor dye of said undercolor coloring composition is selected from the group consisting of Astrazon Blue FRR, Astrazon Brilliant Red 4G, Astrazon Pink FBB, Acid Green 3, Acid Violet 19 and mixtures thereof.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 45 words

The multiple coloring composition system of claim 1, wherein said colorant of said overcolor coloring composition is selected from the group consisting of pigments, xanthene dyes, pthalocyanine dyes, and azo dyes which are stable in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 53 words

The multiple coloring composition system of claim 1, wherein said colorant of said overcolor coloring composition is selected from the group consisting of Pyranine 120, Acid Red 52, Acid Red 87, Acid Red 92, Acid Red 388, Food Red 14, Basantol Green 910, Solvent Green 7, Direct Blue 199, pigments, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 19 words

The multiple coloring composition system of claim 1, wherein said overcolor aqueous coloring composition further comprises a reducing agent.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 28 words

The multiple coloring composition system of claim 8, wherein said reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen sulfide, sodium sulfite, sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 25 words

The multiple coloring composition system of claim 1, wherein said base is selected from the group consisting of ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 32 words

The multiple coloring composition system of claim 1, wherein said undercolor and said overcolor coloring compositions further comprise a humectant in an amount of from about 0% to about 30% by weight.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 33 words

The multiple coloring composition system of claim 1, wherein said undercolor and said overcolor coloring compositions further comprise a drying agent in an amount of from about 5% to about 30% by weight.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 31 words

The multiple coloring composition system of claim 1, wherein said colorant of said overcolor aqueous coloring composition is present in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 12% by weight.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 20 words

The multiple coloring composition system of claim 1, wherein said undercolor and said overcolor coloring compositions further comprise a preservative.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 33 words

The multiple coloring composition system of claim 14, wherein said preservative is present in said undercolor and said overcolor coloring compositions in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 121 words

An ink composition system comprising: (a) an undercolor aqueous ink comprising an undercolor dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of the undercolor ink; and (b) an overcolor aqueous ink comprising from about 1% to about 20% by weight of said overcolor ink of a reducing agent; from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of said overcolor ink of a base; and from about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of said overcolor ink of an overcolor colorant which maintains its characteristic color in the presence of a reducing agent and a pH of about 10 or greater.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 121 words

An ink composition system comprising: (a) an undercolor aqueous ink comprising an undercolor dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of the undercolor ink; and (b) an overcolor aqueous ink comprising from about 1% to about 20% by weight of said overcolor ink of a reducing agent; from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of said overcolor ink of a base; and from about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of said overcolor ink of an overcolor colorant which maintains its characteristic color in the presence of a reducing agent and a pH of about 10 or greater.

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 24 words

The ink composition according to claim 16, wherein said base is present in an amount of from about 0.5% to about 8% by weight.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 30 words

The ink composition according to claim 16, wherein said undercolor dye and said overcolor colorant are each present in an amount of from about 1% to about 6% by weight.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 98 words

A color changing marking system comprising at least an undercolor marking instrument and an overcolor marking instrument, said undercolor marking instrument containing an undercolor ink composition comprising a dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater, and said overcolor writing instrument containing an overcolor ink, said ink comprising (1) from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of a base; and (2) from about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of a colorant which maintains its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater.

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 98 words

A color changing marking system comprising at least an undercolor marking instrument and an overcolor marking instrument, said undercolor marking instrument containing an undercolor ink composition comprising a dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater, and said overcolor writing instrument containing an overcolor ink, said ink comprising (1) from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of a base; and (2) from about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of a colorant which maintains its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater.

Claim 23

Dependent Claim 15 words

The marking system of claim 19, wherein said overcolor ink further comprises a reducing agent.

Claim 24

Dependent Claim 13 words

The marking system of claim 20, wherein said reducing agent is sodium sulphite.

Claim 25

Dependent Claim 12 words

The marking system of claim 19, wherein said base is sodium hydroxide.

Claim 26

Dependent Claim 41 words

The marking system of claim 20, wherein said system further comprises at least a third marking instrument, said third marking instrument containing an undercolor ink composition comprising a dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a reducing agent.

Claim 27

Dependent Claim 91 words

A paint composition system comprising: (a) an undercolor aqueous paint comprising an undercolor dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater; and (b) an overcolor aqueous paint comprising from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight of a base; from about 0.1% to about 12% by weight of an undercolor dye that maintains its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater; and a thickener in an amount of from about 1% to about 10% by weight.

Claim 28

Dependent Claim 91 words

A paint composition system comprising: (a) an undercolor aqueous paint comprising an undercolor dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater; and (b) an overcolor aqueous paint comprising from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight of a base; from about 0.1% to about 12% by weight of an undercolor dye that maintains its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater; and a thickener in an amount of from about 1% to about 10% by weight.

Claim 29

Dependent Claim 63 words

A coloring composition comprising (a) from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of a base; (b) from about 1% to about 20% by weight of a reducing agent; and (c) from about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of a colorant which maintains its characteristic color in the presence of both a pH of about 10 or greater and a reducing agent.

Claim 30

Dependent Claim 63 words

A coloring composition comprising (a) from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of a base; (b) from about 1% to about 20% by weight of a reducing agent; and (c) from about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of a colorant which maintains its characteristic color in the presence of both a pH of about 10 or greater and a reducing agent.

Claim 31

Dependent Claim 127 words

A multiple coloring composition system comprising: (a) a first undercolor aqueous coloring composition comprising an undercolor dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater; (b) a second undercolor aqueous coloring composition comprising an undercolor dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a reducing agent; and (c) an overcolor aqueous coloring composition comprising from about 0.1% to about 12% by weight of a colorant capable of maintaining its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater, an effective amount of a base sufficient to yield a pH of said overcolor aqueous coloring composition of about 10 or greater, and from about 1% to about 20% by weight of a reducing agent.

Claim 32

Dependent Claim 127 words

A multiple coloring composition system comprising: (a) a first undercolor aqueous coloring composition comprising an undercolor dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater; (b) a second undercolor aqueous coloring composition comprising an undercolor dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a reducing agent; and (c) an overcolor aqueous coloring composition comprising from about 0.1% to about 12% by weight of a colorant capable of maintaining its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater, an effective amount of a base sufficient to yield a pH of said overcolor aqueous coloring composition of about 10 or greater, and from about 1% to about 20% by weight of a reducing agent.

Claim 33

Dependent Claim 33 words

The multiple coloring composition system of claim 26, said base being present in an amount sufficient to yield a pH of said overcolor aqueous coloring composition of from about 10 to about 12.

Claim 34

Dependent Claim 144 words

An ink composition system comprising: (a) a first undercolor aqueous ink comprising an undercolor dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of the undercolor ink; (b) a second undercolor aqueous ink comprising an undercolor dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a reducing agent; and (c) an overcolor aqueous ink comprising from about 1% to about 20% by weight of said overcolor ink of a reducing agent; from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of said overcolor ink of a base; and from about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of said overcolor ink of an overcolor colorant which maintains its characteristic color in the presence of a reducing agent and a pH of about 10 or greater.

Claim 35

Dependent Claim 144 words

An ink composition system comprising: (a) a first undercolor aqueous ink comprising an undercolor dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of the undercolor ink; (b) a second undercolor aqueous ink comprising an undercolor dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a reducing agent; and (c) an overcolor aqueous ink comprising from about 1% to about 20% by weight of said overcolor ink of a reducing agent; from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of said overcolor ink of a base; and from about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of said overcolor ink of an overcolor colorant which maintains its characteristic color in the presence of a reducing agent and a pH of about 10 or greater.

Claim 36

Dependent Claim 163 words

A color changing marking system comprising at least a first undercolor marking instrument and a second undercolor making instrument and at least one overcolor marking instrument, said first undercolor marking instrument containing a first undercolor ink composition comprising a dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater, said second undercolor marking instrument containing a second undercolor ink composition comprising an undercolor dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a reducing agent, and said overcolor writing instrument containing an overcolor ink, said overcolor ink comprising (1) from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of a base; and (2) from about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of a colorant which maintains its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater, and from about 1% to about 20% by weight of a reducing agent and wherein said pH of said overcolor ink is about 10 or greater.

Claim 37

Dependent Claim 163 words

A color changing marking system comprising at least a first undercolor marking instrument and a second undercolor making instrument and at least one overcolor marking instrument, said first undercolor marking instrument containing a first undercolor ink composition comprising a dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater, said second undercolor marking instrument containing a second undercolor ink composition comprising an undercolor dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a reducing agent, and said overcolor writing instrument containing an overcolor ink, said overcolor ink comprising (1) from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of a base; and (2) from about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of a colorant which maintains its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater, and from about 1% to about 20% by weight of a reducing agent and wherein said pH of said overcolor ink is about 10 or greater.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1997-07-04	1998-01-03	1998-07-05	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	2001-07-04	2002-01-03	2002-07-05	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	2005-07-04	2006-01-03	2006-07-05	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Color changing compositions

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