Patent US2232853A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
Patent US5331287A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US5331287A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Device and method for sensing water and/or acid in the presence of water in non-aqueous media
Assignee: The AT&T MVPD Group LLC
•
Filing: 1992-07-31
•
Granted: 1994-07-19
•
Expires: 2012-07-31
Abstract
Abstract A sensor for monitoring the water content and the acid content in the presence of water in nonaqueous media can be incorporated into a monitoring system for monitoring the quality of nonaqueous fluids in equipment or vehicles. The sensor comprises an insulating substrate; electrodes formed on the substrate in an interdigitated pattern; and a conductive polymer deposited over the interdigitated electrodes which bridges between adjacent digits of the electrodes. The monitoring system incorporating the sensor comprises a control module for measuring the conductivity of the sensor. The control module is preprogrammed to compare the measured conductivity to a predetermined level indicative of an unacceptable level of degradation. The sensor is made by depositing electrodes on an insulating substrate; depositing a conductive polymer over the electrodes in an amount sufficient to bridge between the electrodes; and neutralizing the conductive polymer to an insulating form. A method of sensing water and acid in the presence of water in nonaqueous media exposes an insulating form of a conductive polymer to a nonaqueous medium and monitors the conductivity of said conductive polymer, as the nonaqueous medium is used. The conductive polymer reversibly increases conductivity in measurable amounts with increasing acid and/or water content due to protonation by the acid or hydration by the water.
Inventors
- 👤 Frederick G. Yamagishi
- 👤 Camille van Ast
- 👤 Leroy J. Miller
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-02 10:07
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N27/00; G01N27/02; G01N27/04; G01N27/12; G01N27/125; G01N27/126; G01N27/121; G01N33/00; G01N33/26; G01N33/28; G01N33/2835; G01N33/2847; G01N33/2888
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 24
Claim 1
Independent Claim
75 words
A device for sensing water content in a nonaqueous medium comprising: an insulating substrate; interdigitated electrodes deposited on said substrate; and an insulating form of a conductive polymer, the conductive polymer deposited over the interdigitated electrodes to bridge between adjacent digits of the electrodes, wherein the insulating form is converted to its conductive form by hydration with the water to provide a current which is proportional to the amount of water and which is measurable.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
75 words
A device for sensing water content in a nonaqueous medium comprising: an insulating substrate; interdigitated electrodes deposited on said substrate; and an insulating form of a conductive polymer, the conductive polymer deposited over the interdigitated electrodes to bridge between adjacent digits of the electrodes, wherein the insulating form is converted to its conductive form by hydration with the water to provide a current which is proportional to the amount of water and which is measurable.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
29 words
The device for sensing according to claim 1, wherein the conductive polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyaniline and the alkyl- and alkoxy- substituted derivatives of polyaniline.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
18 words
The device for sensing according to claim 1, wherein the conductive polymer is an insulating form of polyaniline.
Claim 5
Independent Claim
85 words
A device for sensing acid content in the presence of water in a nonaqueous medium comprising: an insulating substrate; interdigitated electrodes deposited on said substrate; and an insulating form of a conductive polymer, the conductive polymer deposited over the interdigitated electrodes to bridge between adjacent digits of the electrodes, wherein the insulating form is converted to its conductive form by protonation with the acid and hydration with the water to provide a current which is proportional to the amount of acid and which is measurable.
Claim 6
Independent Claim
85 words
A device for sensing acid content in the presence of water in a nonaqueous medium comprising: an insulating substrate; interdigitated electrodes deposited on said substrate; and an insulating form of a conductive polymer, the conductive polymer deposited over the interdigitated electrodes to bridge between adjacent digits of the electrodes, wherein the insulating form is converted to its conductive form by protonation with the acid and hydration with the water to provide a current which is proportional to the amount of acid and which is measurable.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
29 words
The device for sensing according to claim 4, wherein the conductive polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyaniline and the alkyl- and alkoxy- substituted derivatives of polyaniline.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
18 words
The device for sensing according to claim 4, wherein the conductive polymer is an insulating form of polyaniline.
Claim 9
Independent Claim
70 words
A method of sensing water content and acid content in the presence of water in nonaqueous media comprising the steps of: exposing an insulating form of a conductive polymer to a nonaqueous medium, the conductive polymer being deposited over interdigitated electrodes deposited on an insulating substrate, the conductive polymer reversibly increasing conductivity by protonation with the acid and hydration with the water; and monitoring the conductivity of said conductive polymer.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
70 words
A method of sensing water content and acid content in the presence of water in nonaqueous media comprising the steps of: exposing an insulating form of a conductive polymer to a nonaqueous medium, the conductive polymer being deposited over interdigitated electrodes deposited on an insulating substrate, the conductive polymer reversibly increasing conductivity by protonation with the acid and hydration with the water; and monitoring the conductivity of said conductive polymer.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
50 words
The method of claim 7, wherein the step of exposing comprises: exposing a conductive polymer selected from the group consisting of polyaniline and alkyl- and alkoxy-substituted derivatives of polyaniline deposited on an insulating substrate over interdigitated electrodes; and the step of monitoring comprises measuring the conductivity between the interdigitated electrodes.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 7, wherein the step of exposing comprises exposing an insulating form of polyaniline to the nonaqueous media.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
169 words
A monitoring system for monitoring water content and acid content in the presence of water in nonaqueous media comprising: a sensor mounted to be exposed to the nonaqueous media comprising: an insulating substrate; electrodes formed on the substrate each having an interdigitated portion; and an insulating form of a conductive polymer, the conductive polymer deposited over the interdigitated portion of the electrodes as a thin film in an amount sufficient to bridge between adjacent digits, the insulating form being converted to its conductive form by protonation with the acid and hydration with the water in the nonaqueous media to provide a current which is proportional to the amount of acid and to the amount of water and which is measurable; control means for measuring the conductivity of the sensor, the control means being capable of indicating when the conductivity reaches a predetermined level; warning means for providing an indication when the predetermined level is reached; and means for interconnecting the sensor and the warning means to the control means.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
169 words
A monitoring system for monitoring water content and acid content in the presence of water in nonaqueous media comprising: a sensor mounted to be exposed to the nonaqueous media comprising: an insulating substrate; electrodes formed on the substrate each having an interdigitated portion; and an insulating form of a conductive polymer, the conductive polymer deposited over the interdigitated portion of the electrodes as a thin film in an amount sufficient to bridge between adjacent digits, the insulating form being converted to its conductive form by protonation with the acid and hydration with the water in the nonaqueous media to provide a current which is proportional to the amount of acid and to the amount of water and which is measurable; control means for measuring the conductivity of the sensor, the control means being capable of indicating when the conductivity reaches a predetermined level; warning means for providing an indication when the predetermined level is reached; and means for interconnecting the sensor and the warning means to the control means.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
25 words
The monitoring system of claim 10, wherein the conductive polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyaniline and alkyl- and alkoxy-substituted derivatives of polyaniline.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
12 words
The monitoring system of claim 10, wherein the conductive polymer is polyaniline.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
171 words
An automotive monitoring system for monitoring water content and acid content in the presence of water in a nonaqueous medium comprising: a sensor mounted to be exposed to the nonaqueous medium comprising: an insulating substrate; electrodes formed on the substrate each having an interdigitated portion; and an insulating form of a conductive polymer, the conductive polymer deposited over the interdigitated portion of the electrodes as a thin film in an amount sufficient to bridge between adjacent digits, the insulating form being converted to its conductive form by protonation with the acid and hydration with the water in the nonaqueous medium to provide a current which is proportional to the amount of acid and to the amount of water and which is measurable; control means for measuring the conductivity of the sensor, the control means being capable of indicating when the conductivity reaches a predetermined level; warning means for providing an indication when the predetermined level is reached; and means for interconnecting the sensor and the warning means to the control means.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
171 words
An automotive monitoring system for monitoring water content and acid content in the presence of water in a nonaqueous medium comprising: a sensor mounted to be exposed to the nonaqueous medium comprising: an insulating substrate; electrodes formed on the substrate each having an interdigitated portion; and an insulating form of a conductive polymer, the conductive polymer deposited over the interdigitated portion of the electrodes as a thin film in an amount sufficient to bridge between adjacent digits, the insulating form being converted to its conductive form by protonation with the acid and hydration with the water in the nonaqueous medium to provide a current which is proportional to the amount of acid and to the amount of water and which is measurable; control means for measuring the conductivity of the sensor, the control means being capable of indicating when the conductivity reaches a predetermined level; warning means for providing an indication when the predetermined level is reached; and means for interconnecting the sensor and the warning means to the control means.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
26 words
The automotive monitoring system of claim 13, wherein the conductive polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyaniline and alkyl- and alkoxy-substituted derivatives of polyaniline.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
53 words
The automotive monitoring system of claim 13, wherein the nonaqueous medium is selected from the group consisting of motor oil and transmission fluid, the control means is incorporated into an engine control module (ECM) of the automobile, and wherein the warning means is a visible indicator displayed on a dashboard of the automobile.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
83 words
An automotive sensor for sensing water content in hydrocarbon-based oil and fluid comprising: an insulating substrate; interdigitated electrodes deposited on said substrate; and an insulating form of polyaniline, said polyaniline deposited over the interdigitated electrodes to bridge between adjacent digits of the electrodes, wherein the insulating form of the polyaniline is converted to its conductive form by hydration with the water in the hydrocarbon-based oil and fluid to provide a current which is proportional to the amount of water and which is measurable.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
83 words
An automotive sensor for sensing water content in hydrocarbon-based oil and fluid comprising: an insulating substrate; interdigitated electrodes deposited on said substrate; and an insulating form of polyaniline, said polyaniline deposited over the interdigitated electrodes to bridge between adjacent digits of the electrodes, wherein the insulating form of the polyaniline is converted to its conductive form by hydration with the water in the hydrocarbon-based oil and fluid to provide a current which is proportional to the amount of water and which is measurable.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
91 words
An automotive sensor for sensing acid content in the presence of water in hydrocarbon-based oil and fluid comprising: an insulating substrate; interdigitated electrodes deposited on said substrate; and an insulating form of polyaniline deposited over the interdigitated electrodes to bridge between adjacent digits of the electrodes, wherein the insulating form of the polyaniline is converted to its conductive form by protonation with the acid and hydration with the water in the hydrocarbon-based oil and fluid to provide a current which is proportional to the amount of acid and which is measurable.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
91 words
An automotive sensor for sensing acid content in the presence of water in hydrocarbon-based oil and fluid comprising: an insulating substrate; interdigitated electrodes deposited on said substrate; and an insulating form of polyaniline deposited over the interdigitated electrodes to bridge between adjacent digits of the electrodes, wherein the insulating form of the polyaniline is converted to its conductive form by protonation with the acid and hydration with the water in the hydrocarbon-based oil and fluid to provide a current which is proportional to the amount of acid and which is measurable.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3710237A
Cited
US4455530A
Cited
AU2583884A
Cited
US4791374A
Cited
US5023133A
Cited
US5027077A
Cited
US5089780A
Cited
EP0442314A2
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1997-07-18 | 1998-01-17 | 1998-07-19 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2001-07-18 | 2002-01-17 | 2002-07-19 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2005-07-18 | 2006-01-17 | 2006-07-19 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |