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US5489331A Expired / Lapsed US ⏱️ 0.0 years remaining

Color changing compositions using acids

Assignee: Crayola LLC
•
Filing: 1994-07-05
•
Granted: 1996-02-06
•
Expires: 2014-07-05
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Abstract

Abstract A multiple coloring composition system is disclosed whose coloring effect is changed upon treatment with an overcolor, once the overcolor coloring composition has been deposited over the undercolor coloring composition. The multiple ink system comprises: (a) an undercolor aqueous coloring composition comprising an undercolor dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of an acid; and (b) an overcolor aqueous coloring composition comprising a colorant capable of maintaining its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less; and an acid sufficient to bring the pH of the overcolor composition to about 4 or less.

Inventors

  • 👤 Richard E. Miller
  • 👤 Charlene R. Couch

Bibliographic Details

Application Number —
Jurisdiction US
Data Source google_patents
Last Synchronized 2026-10-24 04:24
CPC Classifications
B; B05; B05D; B05D7/00; B05D7/50; B05D7/52; B05D7/54; B05D1/00; B05D1/36; B44; B44D; B44D2/00; B44F; B44F1/00; B44F1/08; B44F1/10; C; C09; C09D; C09D11/00; C09D11/50; C09D7/00; B05D2451/00

Claims Analysis

Total Claims: 33
Claim 1
Independent Claim 81 words
A multiple coloring composition system comprising: (a) an undercolor aqueous coloring composition comprising an undercolor dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less; and (b) an overcolor aqueous coloring composition comprising a colorant capable of maintaining its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less and an effective amount of an acid sufficient to yield a pH of said overcolor coloring composition of about 4 or less.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim 81 words
A multiple coloring composition system comprising: (a) an undercolor aqueous coloring composition comprising an undercolor dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less; and (b) an overcolor aqueous coloring composition comprising a colorant capable of maintaining its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less and an effective amount of an acid sufficient to yield a pH of said overcolor coloring composition of about 4 or less.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim 33 words
The multiple coloring composition system of claim 1, said acid being present in an amount sufficient to yield a pH of said overcolor aqueous coloring composition of from about 2 to about 4.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim 27 words
The multiple coloring composition system of claim 2, wherein said acid is selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, citric acid, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim 29 words
The multiple coloring composition system of claim 3, said acid added in an amount of from about 5% to about 30% by weight of said overcolor aqueous coloring composition.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim 45 words
The multiple coloring composition system of claim 1, wherein said undercolor dye of said undercolor coloring composition is selected from the group consisting of xanthene dyes, pthalocyanine dyes, and azo dyes which are unstable in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim 39 words
The multiple coloring composition system of claim 5, wherein said undercolor dye of said undercolor coloring composition is selected from the group consisting of Acid Red 92, Acid Yellow 1, Solvent Red 48, Solvent Green 7, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim 45 words
The multiple coloring composition system of claim 1, wherein said colorant of said overcolor coloring composition is selected from the group consisting of pigments, polymethine dyes, triphenylmethane dyes, and azo dyes which are stable in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim 39 words
The multiple coloring composition system of claim 7, wherein said colorant of said overcolor coloring composition is selected from the group consisting of Acid Blue 93, Acid Yellow 23, Acid Green 3, Acid Violet 19, pigments, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim 18 words
The multiple coloring composition system of claim 1, wherein said overcolor aqueous coloring composition further comprises an anti-oxidant.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim 25 words
The multiple coloring composition system of claim 9, wherein said anti-oxidant is present in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 3% by weight.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim 27 words
The multiple coloring composition system of claim 10, wherein said anti-oxidant is selected from the group consisting of citric acid, ascorbic acid, sodium hypophosphite, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim 19 words
The multiple coloring composition system of claim 1, wherein said undercolor aqueous coloring composition further comprises a stabilizing base.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim 24 words
The multiple coloring composition system of claim 12, wherein said stabilizing base is present in an amount of from about 0.2% to about 2%.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim 28 words
The multiple coloring composition system of claim 13, wherein said stabilizing base is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, monosodium EDTA, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim 21 words
The multiple coloring composition system of claim 1, wherein said undercolor and said overcolor aqueous coloring compositions further comprise a humectant.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim 25 words
The multiple coloring composition system of claim 15, wherein said humectant is present in an amount of from about 0% to about 30% by weight.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim 26 words
The multiple coloring composition system of claim 16, wherein said humectant is selected from the group consisting of glycerin, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim 21 words
The multiple coloring composition system of claim 1, wherein said undercolor and said overcolor aqueous coloring compositions further comprise a preservative.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim 30 words
The multiple coloring composition system of claim 18, wherein said preservative is present in said undercolor coloring composition in an amount of from about 0.2% to about 5% by weight.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim 29 words
The multiple coloring composition of claim 19, wherein said preservative is selected from the group consisting of an aqueous bicyclic oxazolidines solution, a 3-iodo-2-propynyl butyl carbamate, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim 36 words
The multiple coloring composition of claim 19, wherein a base is present in the said undercolor coloring composition in an effective amount to yield a pH of said undercolor of from about 7.0 to about 9.0.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim 25 words
The multiple coloring composition system of claim 21, wherein said base is present in an amount of from about 0.2% to about 2% by weight.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim 27 words
The multiple coloring composition system of claim 22, wherein said base is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, monosodium EDTA, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim 98 words
An ink composition comprising: (a) an undercolor aqueous ink comprising an undercolor dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less in an amount of from about 0.5% to about 6% by weight of the undercolor ink; and (b) an overcolor aqueous ink comprising from about 0.5% to about 40% by weight of said overcolor ink of an acid; and from about 0.5% to about 6% by weight of said overcolor ink of a colorant which maintains characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim 98 words
An ink composition comprising: (a) an undercolor aqueous ink comprising an undercolor dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less in an amount of from about 0.5% to about 6% by weight of the undercolor ink; and (b) an overcolor aqueous ink comprising from about 0.5% to about 40% by weight of said overcolor ink of an acid; and from about 0.5% to about 6% by weight of said overcolor ink of a colorant which maintains characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim 98 words
A coloring changing marking system comprising at least one undercolor marking instrument and an overcolor marking instrument, said undercolor marking instrument containing an undercolor ink composition comprising a dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less, and said overcolor writing instrument containing an overcolor aqueous ink composition comprising (1) from about 0.5% to about 40% by weight of an acid; and (2) from about 0.5% to about 6% by weight of a colorant which maintains its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim 98 words
A coloring changing marking system comprising at least one undercolor marking instrument and an overcolor marking instrument, said undercolor marking instrument containing an undercolor ink composition comprising a dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less, and said overcolor writing instrument containing an overcolor aqueous ink composition comprising (1) from about 0.5% to about 40% by weight of an acid; and (2) from about 0.5% to about 6% by weight of a colorant which maintains its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim 26 words
The color changing marking system of claim 25, wherein said marking instrument comprises a fluid reservoir and a nib in fluid connection with said fluid reservoir.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim 90 words
A paint composition comprising: (a) an undercolor aqueous paint comprising an undercolor dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less; and (b) an overcolor aqueous paint comprising from about 0.5% to about 40% by weight of an acid; from about 0.5% to about 6% by weight of an overcolor dye that maintains its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less; and a thickener in an amount of from about 1% to about 5% by weight.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim 90 words
A paint composition comprising: (a) an undercolor aqueous paint comprising an undercolor dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less; and (b) an overcolor aqueous paint comprising from about 0.5% to about 40% by weight of an acid; from about 0.5% to about 6% by weight of an overcolor dye that maintains its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less; and a thickener in an amount of from about 1% to about 5% by weight.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim 45 words
A coloring composition comprising (a) from about 0.5% to about 30% by weight of an acid; and (c) from about 0.5% to about 6% by weight of a colorant which maintains its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim 45 words
A coloring composition comprising (a) from about 0.5% to about 30% by weight of an acid; and (c) from about 0.5% to about 6% by weight of a colorant which maintains its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less.

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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows

Annuity Stage Window Opens Payment Deadline Surcharge Period Until Estimated Fee Status
3.5 Years (Year 4) 1999-02-05 1999-08-07 2000-02-06 $2000.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8) 2003-02-05 2003-08-07 2004-02-06 $3760.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12) 2007-02-05 2007-08-07 2008-02-06 $7700.00 Window Closed / Lapsed

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